Strategic management of patents on electrochemical conversion fuel cells and batteries in Latin America as a mechanism for moving towards energy sustainability

Fuel cells for electrochemical energy conversion

A fuel cell is essentially a compact electrochemical “factory” that takes fuel as input and produces electricity as output (see fig. 1). Like a factory, a fuel cell will continue to churn out product (electricity) as long as raw material (fuel) is supplied. This is the key difference between a fuel cell and a battery. While both rely on electrochemistry to work their magic, a fuel cell is not c...

critical period effects in foreign language learning:the influence of maturational state on the acquisition of reading,writing, and grammar in english as a foreign language

since the 1960s the age effects on learning both first and second language have been explored by many linguists and applied linguists (e.g lennerberg, 1967; schachter, 1996; long, 1990) and the existence of critical period for language acquisition was found to be a common ground of all these studies. in spite of some common findings, some issues about the impacts of age on acquiring a second or...

Factors of Environmental Sustainability for Africa, Asia, and Latin America

National research for health systems in Latin America and the Caribbean: moving towards the right direction?

BACKGROUND National Research for Health Systems (NRfHS) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have shown growth and consolidation in the last few years. A structured, organized system will facilitate the development and implementation of strategies for research for health to grow and contribute towards people's health and equity. METHODS We conducted a survey with the health managers from ...

Electrochemical Study of Hydrogen Adsorption/Reduction (HAR) Reaction on Graphene Oxide as Electrocatalyst for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

In the current work, graphene oxide (GO) samples were prepared at room temperature from graphite flakes using a modified Hummer's method to produce metal-free electrocatalysts. The effect of the duration of the oxidation process on the structural, chemical and physical characteristics of the GO samples was evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ...